Radiotherapy treatment for prostate cancer relies on computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for delineation of radiation targets and organs at risk (OARs). Manual delineation of these volumes is regarded as the gold standard for ground truth in machine learning applications but to acquire such data is tedious and time-consuming. A publicly available clinical dataset is introduced comprising MRI images, synthetic CT (sCT) images, target and OARs delineations, and radiotherapy dose distributions for 432 prostate cancer patients treated with an MRI-only radiotherapy workflow. An extended dataset with 35 patients is also included, containing the data mentioned above together with deep learning (DL)-generated delineations, DL uncertainty maps, and DL structures manually edited by four radiation oncologists. The publication of these resources aims to aid research within the fields of automated radiotherapy planning and structure delineation, inter-observer analyses, and DL uncertainty investigation.

Keywords: MRI, Synthetic CT, OAR, Radiology, Radiotherapy, Inter-observer, Target, Radiation therapy, MRI only, Delineation uncertainty, Deep learning, Annotated.

Sample images

Sample images with reduced image quality. Please click to preview.

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Dataset information

Short name	LUND-PROBE
Origin	Clinical
Cite as	Viktor Rogowski, Lars E Olsson, Jonas Scherman, Emilia Persson, Mustafa Kadhim, Sacha af Wetterstedt, Adalsteinn Gunnlaugsson, Martin Nilsson, Nandor Vass, Mathieu Moreau, Maria Gebre Medhin, Sven Bäck, Per Munck af Rosenschöld, Silke Engelholm, and Christian Jamtheim Gustafsson (2025) LUND-PROBE – LUND Prostate Radiotherapy Open Benchmarking and Evaluation dataset doi:10.23698/aida/lund-probe [BibTeX format] @misc{ rogowski_2025_lund-probe, author = { Viktor Rogowski and Lars E Olsson and Jonas Scherman and Emilia Persson and Mustafa Kadhim and Sacha af Wetterstedt and Adalsteinn Gunnlaugsson and Martin Nilsson and Nandor Vass and Mathieu Moreau and Maria Gebre Medhin and Sven Bäck and Per Munck af Rosenschöld and Silke Engelholm and Christian Jamtheim Gustafsson }, title = { LUND-PROBE – LUND Prostate Radiotherapy Open Benchmarking and Evaluation dataset }, year = 2025, publisher = { AIDA }, doi = { 10.23698/aida/lund-probe }, howpublished = { Available: AIDA Data Hub }, url = { https://datahub.aida.scilifelab.se/10.23698/aida/lund-probe } }
Field	Radiology/Radiotherapy
Organ	Prostate Bladder Body CTV PTV Femoral Heads Genitalia Fiducials Penile Bulb Rectum
Age span
Title	LUND-PROBE – LUND Prostate Radiotherapy Open Benchmarking and Evaluation dataset
Author	Viktor Rogowski Lars E Olsson Jonas Scherman Emilia Persson Mustafa Kadhim Sacha af Wetterstedt Adalsteinn Gunnlaugsson Martin Nilsson Nandor Vass Mathieu Moreau Maria Gebre Medhin Sven Bäck Per Munck af Rosenschöld Silke Engelholm Christian Jamtheim Gustafsson
Year	2025
DOI	doi:10.23698/aida/lund-probe
Status	Completed
Version	1.0.0
Scans	467
Annotations	8873
Size	176.56GB
Resolution	0.6x0.7 to 0.8x0.9 mm in plane. 2.5 mm slice thickness.
Modality	MR Synthetic CT
Scanner	3T Architect, GE Healthcare, Spectronic
Stain
Phase
References	Rogowski, V. et al. LUND-PROBE -- LUND Prostate Radiotherapy Open Benchmarking and Evaluation dataset. arXiv:2502.04493v.
Copyright	Copyright 2025 Skånes Universitetssjukhus, Christian Jamtheim Gustafsson
Access	Available under the following licenses, described in the License section below. Controlled access Free for use in legal and ethical medical diagnostics research. AIDA BY license Free for use within AIDA with attribution.

Annotation

Structures delineated from clinical radiotherapy of prostate cancer patients.

Kernels

Code examples for how to load and visualize the LUND-PROBE data can be found at https://github.com/jamtheim/LUND-PROBE. Feel free to modify the examples to suit your specific use case.

File formats

NIfTI

License

Controlled access

Free for use in legal and ethical medical diagnostics research. Please contact the dataset provider for terms of access.

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To: aida-data@nbis.se
cc: Christian.JamtheimGustafsson@skane.se,lars_e.olsson@med.lu.se,Viktor.Rogowski@skane.se
Subject: Requesting access to dataset doi:10.23698/aida/lund-probe
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Dataset: https://datahub.aida.scilifelab.se/10.23698/aida/lund-probe

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AIDA BY license

Copyright 2025 Skånes Universitetssjukhus, Christian Jamtheim Gustafsson

Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this data within Analytic Imaging Diagnostics Arena (AIDA) for the purpose of medical diagnostics research with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that publications resulting from the use of this data cite the following works:

Viktor Rogowski, Lars E Olsson, Jonas Scherman, Emilia Persson, Mustafa Kadhim, Sacha af Wetterstedt, Adalsteinn Gunnlaugsson, Martin Nilsson, Nandor Vass, Mathieu Moreau, Maria Gebre Medhin, Sven Bäck, Per Munck af Rosenschöld, Silke Engelholm, and Christian Jamtheim Gustafsson (2025) LUND-PROBE – LUND Prostate Radiotherapy Open Benchmarking and Evaluation dataset doi:10.23698/aida/lund-probe.

Rogowski, V. et al. LUND-PROBE – LUND Prostate Radiotherapy Open Benchmarking and Evaluation dataset. arXiv:2502.04493v.

THE DATA IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS DATA INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR CHARACTERISTICS OF THIS DATA.